Reflecting on the Seasons of Lent and Easter

J. Thomas Johnson

Recently, I took a Lenten quiz, and one of the questions read as follows: Why is the season of Lent forty days? It was a multiple choice quiz, and these were the options:

• To represent the time Jesus spent in the wilderness, tempted by Satan
• To recall the 40 days and nights the earth was flooded in the Old Testament
• To remind us of the 40 years the Israelites wandered in the desert

According to the quiz-writer(s), the correct answer is “a”—”to represent the time Jesus spent in the wilderness, tempted by Satan.” But the quiz is deceptive. “B” is easy enough to dismiss because the earth was flooded for far more than forty days, according to Genesis. It rained for forty days, but the earth was flooded for over one-hundred fifty days. However, “c” is a bit more difficult because it gets at the deeper question as to why Jesus Himself spent forty days fasting in the wilderness.

Why did the Spirit of God drive Jesus out into the wilderness for forty days, where He fasted, was tempted by Satan, and, eventually, ministered to by God’s angels? Well, the answer to that certainly involves the forty years that Israel spent wandering in the wilderness. So, during Lent the Church may be remembering “a,” but Jesus Himself was certainly recapitulating “c.”

There are two passages that help to explain why the Father sent the Son into the wilderness for forty days after His baptism, allowed Him to be tempted by Satan, and required Him to fast and pray. Let’s start with the temptation of Satan. In this aspect of His forty days, Jesus was walking in the footsteps of Israel. Deuteronomy 8:2-3 reads thusly:

² Remember the long way that the Lord your God has led you these forty years in the wilderness, in order to humble you, testing you to know what was in your heart, whether or not you would keep his commandments. ³ He humbled you by letting you hunger, then by feeding you with manna, with which neither you nor your ancestors were acquainted, in order to make you understand that one does not live by bread alone, but by every word that comes from the mouth of the Lord.

Deuteronomy 8:2-3, NRSV

When Satan tempted Jesus by suggesting that He turn the stones surrounding Him into bread, Jesus quoted verse 3 of this passage. In part, as Israel before Him, Jesus’ forty days in the wilderness was a time of humbling and of the testing of Jesus’ obedience. God was insistent that Jesus, as the representative of Israel, walk in the footsteps of Israel. Where Israel failed, however, Jesus was faithful.

But, why was Jesus fasting? Perhaps this was simply to join Israel in their seasons of hunger in the wilderness. But, I suspect it was more than that. After all, Israel ate in the wilderness. They were fed with manna and, occasionally, with quail. Because of this, I believe Jesus’ fasting was a fulfillment of an act of Moses. The scene has been preserved in Deuteronomy 9:16-19:

¹⁶ Then I saw that you had indeed sinned against the Lord your God, by casting for yourselves an image of a calf; you had been quick to turn from the way that the Lord had commanded you. ¹⁷ So I took hold of the two tablets and flung them from my two hands, smashing them before your eyes. ¹⁸ Then I lay prostrate before the Lord as before, forty days and forty nights; I neither ate bread nor drank water, because of all the sin you had committed, provoking the Lord by doing what was evil in his sight. ¹⁹ For I was afraid that the anger that the Lord bore against you was so fierce that he would destroy you. But the Lord listened to me that time also.

Deuteronomy 9:16-19, NRSV

After Israel sinned by making an idol and using it in their worship of God, Moses fasted for forty days and forty nights, interceding for the people and begging God not to destroy them. I believe that we are meant to see Jesus’ forty days of fasting in the wilderness in this light. Moses’s intercession for the people was a foreshadowing of Jesus’ intercession for sinful humanity. Understood in this way, Jesus’ fasted for forty days asking God to have mercy on fallen humanity. And Jesus embodied this prayer entirely, as He laid down His life for fallen humanity on the cross.

As we observe Lent, may we remember that God humbles us to test our obedience. As we observe Lent, may we remember the prayer and fasting of Jesus, interceding for us while we were still sinners. As we remember Good Friday, may we recall the way in which Jesus not only prayed for us, but lived out His prayer by sacrificing Himself for our salvation. And, as we celebrate Jesus’ resurrection from the dead, may we rejoice that God demonstrated His acceptance of these prayers and this sacrifice by the resurrection of Jesus from the dead. Praise be to God!